Class 9 Social Science — Chapter 4: Working of Institutions

What you'll learn

• ▸The Three Key Institutions of Government
• ▸The Process of a Major Policy Decision
• ▸The Mandal Commission and Reservation Policy
• ▸The Role of the Executive
• ▸The Role of Parliament
• ▸The Role of the Judiciary in Resolving Disputes
• ▸Need for Political Institutions

Chapter Summary

--- PAGE 1 --- 0972CH04 CHAPTER 4 WORKING OF INSTITUTIONS NCERT published OVERVIEW Democracy is not just about people electing their rulers. In a democracy the rulers have to follow some rules and procedures. They have to work with and within institutions. This chapter is about the working of such institutions in a democracy. We try to understand this by looking at the manner in which major decisions are taken and implemented in our country. We also look at how disputes regarding these decisions are resolved. In this process we come across three institutions that play a key role in major decisions – legislature, executive and judiciary. You have already read something about these institutions in earlier classes. Here we shall quickly summarise those and move on to asking larger questions. In the case of each institution we ask: What does this institution do? How is this institution connected to other institutions? What makes its functioning more or less democratic? The basic obje…

Practice Questions from this Chapter

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1. Explain government branches simply. Get Solution →
2. How are new laws created? Get Solution →
3. Compare India's government to others. Get Solution →
4. What is the official name for the government order issued on August 13, 1990, regarding reservations? Get Solution →
5. According to the Office Memorandum of 1990, what percentage of vacancies in government jobs was reserved for SEBC? Get Solution →
6. In the Indian political system, who is considered the head of the state? Get Solution →
7. Who is described in the chapter as the head of the government who exercises all governmental powers? Get Solution →
8. The Second Backward Classes Commission, appointed in 1979, is popularly known by what name? Get Solution →

Did you know?

• 💡 The world's smallest republic, Nauru, has a parliament of only 19 members.
• 💡 Ancient Romans used pebbles to vote on laws, dropping them into urns.
• 💡 Some countries, like the UK, do not have a single written constitution document.
• 💡 The term 'lobbying' comes from people waiting in legislative building lobbies.
• 💡 The first known written set of laws, Hammurabi's Code, dates back 4,000 years.

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