Class 11 Computer Science — Chapter 4: Working with Lists and Dictionaries

Understand how to create a list in Python using square brackets. This includes creating lists with integers, strings, mixed data types, and creating nested lists (a list containing other lists).

Learn to retrieve individual elements from a list using their index. This covers positive indexing (starting from 0 for the first element) and negative indexing (starting from -1 for the last element), and understanding that an out-of-range index causes an IndexError.

Understand the concept that lists are mutable, which means their contents can be modified in-place after creation by assigning a new value to a specific index.

Learn to use the `+` operator to concatenate (join) two or more lists to create a new list, and the `*` operator to repeat the elements of a list a specified number of times.

Use the `in` and `not in` operators to check if a specific element exists within a list. These operators return a Boolean value (True or False).

Learn to extract a portion (a sub-list or 'slice') from a list using the syntax `list[start:stop:step]`. This includes understanding default values, using negative indices for slicing, and reversing a list with `[::-1]`.

Understand how to iterate through each element of a list using a `for` loop. This includes both iterating directly over items (`for item in list`) and iterating by index using `range(len(list))`.

Learn to use list methods that alter the original list. This includes `.remove()` to delete an element by its value, `.pop()` to remove an element by its index, `.reverse()` to reverse the order of elements, and `.sort()` to sort the elements.

Learn to use functions and methods that return information about a list without changing it. This includes `.count()` for frequency, `.index()` for position, and the built-in functions `min()`, `max()`, `sum()`, and `sorted()` (which returns a new sorted list).