Class 9 Social Science — Chapter 4: LIVELIHOODS, ECONOMIES AND SOCIETIES

What you'll learn

• ▸Livelihoods and Colonial Impact
• ▸The Economic Value of Forests
• ▸Deforestation: Causes and Scale
• ▸Colonial Ideology of 'Improvement'
• ▸Imperial Needs: Timber for Ships and Railways
• ▸The System of Forest Exploitation

Chapter Summary

--- PAGE 1 --- SECTION II LIVELIHOODS, ECONOMIES AND SOCIETIES LIVELIHOODS, ECONOMIES AND SOCIETIES In Section II we will shift our focus to the study of livelihoods and economies. We will look at how the lives of forest dwellers and pastoralists changed in the modern world and how they played a part in shaping these changes. All too often in looking at the emergence of the modern world, we only focus on factories and cities, on the industrial and agricultural sectors which supply the market. But we forget that there are other economies outside these sectors, other people too who matter to the nation. To modern eyes, the lives of pastoralists and forest dwellers, the shifting cultivators and food gatherers often seem to be stuck in the past. It is as if their lives are not important when we study the emergence of the contemporary world. The chapters in Section II will suggest that we need to know about their lives, see how they organise their world and operate their economies. These…

Practice Questions from this Chapter

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1. Explain how forests 'talk'. Get Solution →
2. List three forest benefits. Get Solution →
3. Describe colonial land rules. Get Solution →
4. What is the term used in the text for the disappearance of forests? Get Solution →
5. Who was the German expert invited by the British to be the first Inspector General of Forests in India? Get Solution →
6. In which year did Dietrich Brandis set up the Indian Forest Service? Get Solution →
7. What are 'sleepers' as defined in the chapter? Get Solution →
8. According to the text, what percentage of the world's total forest area was cleared between 1700 and 1995? Get Solution →

Did you know?

• 💡 Trees can 'talk' to each other underground using a vast network of fungi.
• 💡 The Amazon rainforest alone produces a fifth of all the oxygen on Earth.
• 💡 Before paper, people wrote on stone, clay tablets, papyrus, and animal skins.
• 💡 Many medicines we use today, like aspirin, originally came from forest plants.
• 💡 A single oak tree can drink over 100 gallons of water every day.

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