Class 12 Chemistry — Chapter 3: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

What you'll learn

• ▸Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones
• ▸Structure and Polarity of the Carbonyl Group
• ▸Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
• ▸Physical Properties of Carbonyl Compounds
• ▸Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
• ▸Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
• ▸Acidity of α-Hydrogen and Related Reactions
• ▸Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxylic Acids
• ▸Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
• ▸Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

Chapter Summary

--- PAGE 1 --- Unit 8 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Objectives After studying this Unit, you will be able to • write the common and IUPAC names of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids; • write the structures of the compounds containing functional groups namely carbonyl and carboxyl groups; • describe the important methods of preparation and reactions of these classes of compounds; • correlate physical properties and chemical reactions of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids, with their structures; • explain the mechanism of a few selected reactions of aldehydes and ketones; • understand various factors affecting the acidity of carboxylic acids and their reactions; • describe the uses of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids. Carbonyl compounds are of utmost importance to organic chemistry. They are constituents of fabrics, flavourings, plastics and drugs. In the previous Unit, you have studied organic compounds with functional groups…

Practice Questions from this Chapter

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1. Explain how aldehydes smell. Get Solution →
2. List uses for ketones. Get Solution →
3. Show examples of carboxylic acids. Get Solution →
4. The carbon-oxygen double bond (>C=O), which is one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry, is called the: Get Solution →
5. In an aldehyde, the carbonyl group is bonded to a carbon atom and what other specific atom or group? Get Solution →
6. In a ketone, the carbonyl group is bonded to how many carbon atoms? Get Solution →
7. According to IUPAC nomenclature, what suffix replaces the '-e' of the corresponding alkane to name an open-chain aliphatic aldehyde? Get Solution →
8. According to IUPAC nomenclature, what suffix is used to denote an open-chain aliphatic ketone? Get Solution →

Did you know?

• 💡 Many fruit and flower smells come from special chemical compounds called aldehydes.
• 💡 Nail polish remover contains acetone, a simple chemical compound called a ketone.
• 💡 The sour taste of vinegar is due to a chemical called acetic acid.
• 💡 Cinnamon and vanilla get their strong smells from aldehyde chemicals.
• 💡 Some perfumes use complex aldehydes to create their long-lasting scents.

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